The Lancet Series on Early Childhood Development (2007, 2011: What Do We Know and What is the Relevance for Africa?

Programs for young children as diverse as parenting incorporated into health and nutrition programs, preschool, educational media, cash transfer programs, and ECD components of programs for HIV + and severely malnourished children have made a difference in children's learning outcomes. But despite this promise, disparities are increasing, both within and between countries. In the African context, risk factors such as malaria are putting more children at developmental risk. Preschool experiences, which can facilitate school performance, is unevenly distributed among countries, and even within countries, tends to be for the urban wealthy